Radiologist explains when X-rays are safe during pregnancy and what alternatives exist

Pregnant women who are advised to undergo an X-ray scan do not need to panic, as pregnancy does not automatically mean all imaging tests must be avoided. According to Dr Bimalpreet Mohan, the director, chief radiologist and women's health expert at Capital Health Clinic in Hauz Khas, New Delhi, whether an X-ray is safe depends on factors like the type of examination, the body part being checked, the radiation amount, and the medical necessity for the mother's health.

Understanding Radiation Risks

Not all X-rays expose the developing baby to the same radiation level. Chest, arm, leg, or head scans are very different from imaging that directly involves the pelvis or abdomen. For abdominal or pelvic scans, doctors carefully evaluate the test's necessity and check if alternative methods can provide the required information. Ultrasound, which uses no ionising radiation, is commonly used during pregnancy, and MRIs may also work in selected cases. However, Dr Mohan notes that ultrasound cannot replace every test because each method provides different information.

Accidental Exposure And Safety

Women who undergo an X-ray before knowing they are pregnant should inform their doctor instead of assuming harm occurred. The actual exposure depends on the specific scan, and the radiology team can assess it properly. Proper positioning, equipment settings, and protective measures help minimise unnecessary exposure, following the core principles of justification and optimisation.