Scientists Find Human Protein That Detects and Fights Off Viruses

Researchers in Hyderabad have discovered a protein that helps human cells spot viral infections and quickly start an immune response. A team at the CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology led by Dr. Santosh Chauhan identified the protein, known as DZIP3. The findings were published in The EMBO Journal.

How It Works

When a virus enters a cell, it releases genetic material. DZIP3 acts as both a sensor to detect this viral RNA and an activator to switch on the immune system. The protein stays inactive until it meets viral RNA. It then changes its structure and moves to the cell's mitochondria to trigger major antiviral defense proteins. This process produces Type I interferons, which are signaling molecules that stop viruses from multiplying and spreading. The new pathway protects against several viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, Chikungunya, and Japanese Encephalitis.

Future Plans

The team is now working on small-molecule drug candidates to boost DZIP3 activity and strengthen natural immunity against new viral threats. The Department of Biotechnology funded the study. Dr. Rinku Sahu served as the first author, with help from national and international partners.

Context

Proteins that act as both sensors and defenders help the body react faster to sudden infections without waiting for other signals. Discovering these natural pathways gives scientists new targets for medicines that can treat many different viral diseases at the same time.